Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation
VAK Russia 5.2.1
VAK Russia 5.2.3
VAK Russia 5.2.4
VAK Russia 5.2.5
VAK Russia 5.2.6
UDC 330.8
CSCSTI 06.00
Russian Classification of Professions by Education 38.00.00
The article presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the models of state regulation of the economy in eight post-Soviet countries - Transcaucasia (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia) and Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan). Based on a retrospective analysis of the evolution of institutional models, tax systems and investment policy, four types of regulation have been identified: the liberal model (Georgia), resource statism (Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan), the reformist model (Armenia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan) and the transitional model (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan). Using data from national statistical services, reports from the World Bank, the IMF, and the Statbase platform, key macroeconomic indicators were compared - GDP growth, inflation, investment activity, industry share, and tax rates. It has been established that radical liberalization, effective for macroeconomic stabilization and the creation of a transparent institutional environment, does not provide structural diversification. Resource statism guarantees high budget revenues, but preserves dependence on raw materials and limits growth rates. The reformist model is recognized as the most balanced: Uzbekistan demonstrates record investment activity and growth, Kazakhstan - moderate inflation with stable investments. Special attention is paid to the impact of external integration processes: the European vector for Transcaucasia stimulates institutional harmonization, and the Eurasian vector for Central Asia stimulates the coordination of customs and tariff policy. It is shown that despite the differences in models, all countries face common challenges: structural imbalance, dependence on external factors and the need to improve the efficiency of public institutions.
state regulation of the economy, post-Soviet space, Transcaucasia, Central Asia, institutional models, liberalization, resource statism, reformist model, tax systems, investment activity, macroeconomic stability, structural diversification, integration processes.
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